Turbine.



No. 64|,624. Patented Ian. I6, |900. W. H. CLARKE F. J. WARBURTDN.

TURBINE.

(Appovtion filed Aug. 24 189B.) (nu nodal.) 4 sham-sheet l.

ulllllllllmml w' MP1@ No. 641,624. Patented 1an. le, |900.

w. H.- CLARKE & r. J. wARBunTon.

TURBINE.

- (Application led Aug. 24, 1898.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2,

Wimeffem:

w /V l No. 641,624. 'I Patented Jan. I6, |900. W. H. CLARKE & F. J.WARBURTON.

TURBINE.

(Application filed Aug. 24, 1898.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 64|,624. y Patented Jan. I6, |900. W. H. CLARKE & F. J. WARBURTUN.

T U R B N E (Appiicasion med Aug. 24, 189s.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

MEQ

'MM/@v Nirnn STATES VILLIAM HENRY CLARKE, OF GATESIIEAD, AND FREDERICKJAMES VAR- BURTON, OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND.

TURBINE.

SPECIFIOATN forming part of Letters Patent No. 641,624, dated January16, 1900. Application filed August 24, 1898. Serial No. 689,448. (Nomodel.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that we, WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE, a resident of The Hermitage,Gateshead, in the county of Durham, and FRED- ERIcK JAMES WARBURTON, aresident of Callerton Place,in the city and county ofNewcastle-upon-Tyne, England, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain andIreland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines,of which the following is a speciiication.

Our inventionl relates to compound and other turbines for use withsteam, gas, or other motive power, and has for its object to soconstruct and arrange thel turbine as to render lthe same readilyreversible and to reduce to a minimum the loss of power arising fromleakage of the operating fluid at those parts where the shaft passesthrough the casing or separating-partitions, at the same time notretarding the speed ofthe shaft.

y According to our invention we so arrange the shaft carrying theturbine wheels that it may have a slight transverse movement in itsbearings to allow for any eccentric motion which may occurwhen rotatingat high speeds, p

owing to its imperfect homogeneity, and for preventing the leakage ofworking fiuid'at the parts where the shaftV passes through thepartitions between each turbine wheel We arrange thereat an annularcollar or ring fitting well but easy upon the shaft and adapted l to tinto or onto and make a joint by its very tical surface or surfaces witha recessed or i reversely-formed part of the said partition, E

in which recessed part the said ring is capable of a sliding movement ina radial direction. The adjacent surfaces of the ring and lpartition maybe coned or flat, as desired, and the ring may be of L form incross-section,

with its larger surface toward the chamberi` having the greatestpressure, or it may be of more or less U form in cross-section, adaptedto receive the annular parts of the partitioni between the two sides andmake a good sliding .joint thereat, or the partition and ring lmay bereversely formed. The steam or gas Iin the spaces between the partitionand the .ring sides serves as a means for damping or 5o retarding thesaid eccentric motion of the shaft when it occurs.

We Ywill further describe our invention in reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in whichl Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a compoundreversible turbine constructed in accordance with our invention, andFig. 2 is a section on line A B thereof. v Fig. 3 is a diagramillustrating the means for reversing the turbine. Fig. 4 is a'cross-sectional elevati-on 'of a non-reversible compound turbine; andFior. 5 is a section of same on line B C of Fig. Aiaif looking to theright and half to the left. Figs. 6 and .7 are enlarged views of thesteam-tight joint with shaft.

Referring to the reversible turbine shown vin Figs. 1 and 2, T T are theturbine wheels, inclosed in a suitable cylindrical casing C, said wheelsT being placed therein upon the shaft S alternately withdividing-partitions D, the latter having suitably-formed outer ends orperipheries, as at d d, for providing the properspacing of the parts,and chambers or ways H for the passage of the operating fluids. In thesedivisions the usual apertures or nozzles N are arranged and adapted todirect the operating fluid at the proper angle upon the turbine vanes Vas it passes from chamber to chamber.

For rendering the turbine reversible' the partitions D are providedwith4 two sets of oppositely -inclined tangentially arranged aperturesor nozzles, as shown at N N' in the diagram Fig. 3 and also in Figf 2.These nozzles or apertures are adapted to be opened and closed by meansof a movable disk, diaphragm, or slide arranged within or upon thepartitions D and adapted to be moved in an annular or other directionand provided with sets of holes or ports fn. n', adapted to registeraoneat a time with one of the double sets of apertures or nozzles N Nreferred to. These tangentially-arranged apertures may be arranged todeliver the operating fluid upon the vanes at the same distance from theshaft, or to avoid merging of the apertures when arrangedin closeproximity they may deliver at different distances, the reversing-ports,or those less in use,delivering at the lesser point of efficiency'.

The diaphragm or port-carrying slide may be disposed on the entering oroutlet side of ICO the partitions. The latter form is shown in Figs. land 2, where the said slide A is formed of an annular collar or ringrecessed, as at a', to t over an enlarged annular portion d of thepartitions D, where the nozzles N N' are disposed, the said slider Abeing kept in position by a ring or collar h2, screwed, as shown,orotherwise secured to the partition or a projecting part d2 thereof. TheWhole is so arranged that the said slide A is capable of beingreadilylnoved around upon the partition D to open and close the ports bymeans of operating-levers, such as Z Z Z2 and counter-shaft L orotherwise conveniently. One or more of the said levers is or may beinclosed in a chamber or chambers, such as M M, and provided withstuffing-boxes m.. Suitably arranged reversing-gear, such as G, may beprovided.

The aperture d0 in each partition D,through which the shaft S passes,is, as described, of somewhat larger diameter than the shaft and adaptedto receive an annular collar or ring R of more or less or l section, asshown, respectively, at y y, Fig. 4. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectivelyenlarged views of each form of ring R. These rings are adapted to fitwell, but easy and movable upon the shaft S and make a steam-tight jointby their transverse face or faces r r against a correspondinglyformedsurface d* upon the partition D, upon which surface the said ring R isadapted to move for a suitable distance transversely, clearance beinga1lowed,as at r' r'. Thus free eccentric movement of the shaft S isallowed, should it occur, without shock, at the same time preventingloss of power and leakage of working {iuid at these parts. To form aliuidtight joint where the shaft passes out of the casing, it isarranged to receive thereat a number of rings constructed and arrangedas before described-for instance, as shown at X X in Figs. l and 4-thecasing C having a suitable number of projecting parts or partitions,such as X', to receive them, and these may be kept in position by a ringor sleeve, such as Z. At suitable points in such series a collectingchamber or chambers, such as U U, is or are provided with pipes or thelike communicating with one or more of the lowpressure chambers of theturbinefor instance, as shown at j, Fig. 4. Suitable flexible packing orbearings may be provided where required.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a compound turbine arranged to run in onedirection only, the reversing-diaphragm A and operating-levers beingdispensed with. The partitions D may be each in one piece, as shown, andonly one set of apertures N are provided. The other parts of the turbineremain the same. Similar reference-letters are employed to these partsas in the description of the reversible turbine.

Fig. 5 shows the construction of the turbine wheels T and the vaneswhich are formed by an annular groove or recess or recesses V',

turned or otherwise cut or formed in or on the face of the wheels T anddivided into a suitable number of cells V by means of radial partitionsP. These may be inserted in radial saw cuts or otherwise convenientlyfixed in the groove V at proper distances apart, although it will beobvious that cells or vanes of similar symmetrical shape may be formedupon or in the wheels T by stamping, casting, or like means. Although wehave shown the vanes or cells Vin the turbine as of symmetrical form,they may with an increased eiin ciency for a non-reversing turbine beinclined at an angle more or lesscoinciding with the angle of thetangential nozzles.

The steam, gas, or other operating iiuid isv admitted at one end of thereversible turbine, as shown at F, and discharged at O, Fig. 4. In allcases the nozzles or apertures N N' are of proper dimensions in eachsucceeding partition in regard to the expansion of the working iiuid inits passage through the series of chambers.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the turbine is readilyreversible when arranged to be so, as described, and may be worked atvery high speeds without appreciable loss of working iiuid or power.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, isj 1. In turbines, the combination withpartitions or projecting rings upon the casing of free floating ringshaving vertical and lateral annular flanges and fitting well but easy onthe shaft and having a sliding movement and being free upon or in thesaid partitions or projecting rings and kept tight thereon by thesteam-pressure on one of their transverse faces, substantially asdescribed.

2. In turbines the combination with the series of partitions orprojecting rings X X upon the casing of free iioating rings X, X, havingvertical and lateral annular flanges and fitting well but easy on theshaft and having a sliding movement and being free upon or in the saidpartitions or projecting rings, kept tight thereon by the steam-pressureon one of their transverse faces, substantially as set forth.

3. In turbines, the combination of a series of turbine wheels havingsymmetrical cells or vanes and a series of dividing partitions eachhaving a double set of oppositely-inclined apertures, ports or nozzlesfor directing the operating fluid upon the turbine wheels and alsohaving a movable slide disposed directly over the said apertures,nozzles or ports and provided with a double set of oppositely-inclinedholes or ports, each set of the latter being adapted, on the properoperation of the slide, to form with the corresponding set of apertures7nozzles or ports in the partition, a set of nozzles or ports inclined inone or the opposite way, so that the direction in which the operatingiiuid issues to act upon the vanes or cells, and consequently therotation of the IOO shaft can be reversed, substantially as set Inwitness whereof We have hereunto set forth. our hands in presence ofWitnesses.

4. In turbines, the combination of parti- WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE. tions D,D, eaeh having apertures, ports or FREDERICK JAMES WARBURTON. 5 nozzlesN, N', and a slide A having holes or Witnesses for William Henry Clarke:

ports n, n and being connected to parts l, Z', W. R. LEES, l2, Z3;chambers M, M, a shaft L and a revers- JOHN JERVIS. ing-lever G, allarranged and adapted to op- Vitnesses for Frederick James Warburton:

erate, substantially as and for the purposes HENRY A. PRYOR,

EDMUND M. PATTIsoN.

1o herein set forth.

